WiMax Base Structure

Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) standard that is currently widely used is the standard issued by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE). One product is the IEEE 802.16 standard to be used as yangdirancang water interface for fixed broadband access system or known as the IEEE Wireless Metropolitan Access Network (Wireless MAN) air interface. In further developments the IEEE 802.16 standard was developed into several variants of each variant has the advantage of each of its use or certain conditions. Several variants of the IEEE 802.16 standard is 802.16a, 802.16rev.d, and 802.16e for mobile communications. Development is done by a joint forum consisting of the entire world and called the WiMAX Forum. IEEE 802.16 standard wireless technology which is intended to change quickly Broadband Wireless Access industries. BWA technology can provide many advantages compared to using the cable network. Benefits include menggunakam BWA services more quickly, can easily be applied in areas difficult to reach the wired infrastructure, reducing installation costs and maintenance, and have the physical capabilities of a traditional wired infrastructure.

Basic structure of WiMAX Network



In general, WiMAX systems are not much different from the WLAN. WiMAX system consists of Base Station (BS), Subscriber Station (SS) and a server behind such BS Network Management System (NMS) and the transport site to connect to the network. To Subscriber Station (SS) is located in the customer environment, while the Base Station (BS), NMS and transport sites are usually one location with a network operator. Part transport site can be a connection with an ATM-based IP networks or Ethernet. Interface from the SS to BS using the OFDM / Water Interface, from BS - Gateway and Gateway - Internet using 10/100 Base T or E1 and the Gateway - PSTN using E1. Base Station (BS) is a device transceiver (transmitter and receiver) that is usually installed one location (colocated) with internet protocol networks. From this BS will be connected to multiple CPE interfaces with the media of radio waves (RF) WiMAX standard. The antenna used in the BS 600 may be a sector, 900 or 1200 depending on the area to be served. Remote Stations or CPE consists of Outdor Unit (ODU) and an Indoor Unit (IDU), the radio device is a separate and there is integrated with the antenna.

wimax.jpg generic configuration




Standard WiMAX



Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IEEE) defines a standard WiMAX technology by 802.16. This standard in its development has several variants. Popular variants are:



• 802.16

WiMAX is the first standard by the IEEE dikeluakan, technically has special advantages compared with the product - BWA products that already exist. 802.16 is designed to for use of communication or Fixed Wireless Access (FWA)



• 802.16a Rev D

Issued as a revision of the existing 802.16. This variant has the additional capability has antenna diversity and sub-channelization, working at a lower frequency of 2-11 GHz, using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), are able to condition Non Line Of Sight (NLOS). This standard is also designed for the use of communication / FWA.



• 802.21e

Using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) which allows access to more than one user at the same time. 802.16e standard is used for mobile communication that is also called Mobile WiMAX

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New Technology of 3G

Later this technology, WiMAX has become the excellent debate and discussion among both vendors and telecommunications operators worldwide. With more than the ability of BWA technologies (Brodband Wireless Access) before WiMAX becomes one of the rival 3G (cellular systems to next-generation-3) to meet customers' needs will be high-speed access.

With WiMAX munculya automatically will cause competition between pengusung WiMAX vendor with the 3G bearer. Each race shows the mutual benefits of both capacity and related technologies, services, investment (economic value) and in ease of use and maintenance. As many countries have been known to implement a 3G technology (still trial) but for WiMAX is still in the process of certification. Even if there are still using the pre WiMAX technology.



Many key factor for successful implementation of a technology. Thus the very need to be sure that the operator will operate the WiMAX technology, or 3G. Article at a glance, the description below is a comparison between WiMAX technology and 3G technology. Of course, in the evaluation process required a sharp study of the deeper aspects of the technical and economical aspects. In addition, studies need to be between incumbent operators and new service for.

3G Technology

3G services is a communication service that promises to move the increased bandwidth of up to 384 Kbps when accessed in the running (nomadic), while in the vehicle moving speed is around 128 KBps to 2 MBps and when in the silent condition. The technology can be used to provide 3G services can be based on GSM (W-CDMA) or CDMA (CDMA2000). However, because from the beginning of the 2G technology in its system is dominated by the GSM to 3G is currently also developing many of the W-CDMA technology. Among the 3G technology is also referred to compete between the GSM and CDMA-based.
following description of the evolution of cellular technology (GSM & CDMA) to 3G.
Evolution to 3G Cellular System

WiMAX technology

Meanwhile, WiMAX is a technology that is new. Even some of the test device from the vendor to get the certificate "WiMAX" new start around August 2005. Standards for mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e) passed around a new mid-year 2006. Sementaa that WiMAX will be developed at this time still comply to IEEE 802.16-2004 standard that applied to fixed solutions.

Whereas in the beginning with the WiMAX technology standard 802.16 and then update to 802.16 (REVd) and developed to serve customers for mobile (802.16e). The following table explains the various standards in the evolution of WiMAX.

Development of the WiMAX Standard

Product Life Cycle

As usual on the implementation of a technology or product then the chain of the product life cycle will be referred through the 4 stages of product development, introduction to market, Mature Market and product phase-out.

The difference between WiMAX and 3G at this time is that to enter the WiMAX tahapannya new product development and introduction to current market. Meanwhile, 3G is being a 2-step introduction to the market and mature market (for some countries).

Phase to product phase-out would still not known, need to be more in-depth study related to the time (how many years) the two technologies can survive.

Following picture describe your product Life Cycle between WiMAX and 3G technology.

Life Cycle WiMAX & 3G

Service

When viewed from the service (speed) that can be given, then the WiMAX over 3G capable. The table below is taken from CSBF research that describes the comparison of various technologies, including future 3G and WiMAX.

Comparison of data rate (speed) between WiMAX & 3G

Thus, the benefits of WiMAX is seen from the speed. Thus, it automatically provides many services that interesting compared to 3G.

However, when focused on its ability Mobility, 3G is still superior compared to WiMAX. Moreover, at this time (2005) focused on the new WiMAX subscribers fixed and start the new year 2006 focused on moving customers (nomadic).

Mobility between the 3G vs WiMAX

According to the description above, WiMAX is ideal for low Mobility conditions but high bandwidth. While 3G is high for Mobility with a low data rate.

Besides the differences in the top from the start, including 3G mobile technology is for personal customers. With the WiMAX technology was originally implemented for backhaul and broadband access. To the front after the standard WiMAX 802.16 e new applications suitable for mobile (nomadic).

How do in Indonesia?

Special two-in technology to both WiMAX and 3G is still not defined and the frequency of the service who is entitled and how can MHz. Cases the application of 3G is still waiting for a long time. Long service to the new trial is Telkomsel and Indosat, while a new operator that has been holding a 3G license Natrindo and Cyber Access Communication (CAC). Meanwhile, in the regulation of its own WiMAX inform new application possibilities in the range of 2.3 GHz band, 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Exact frequency and the name of the operator has not been determined.

Conclusion and Suggestions

- WiMAX is suitable for customers with a low level of mobility but the high bandwidth needs.

- 3G subscribers with a focus on the mobility needs of high level while the lower bandwidth needs.

- From the time to market compared to 3G precede WiMAX.

- In perkembanganya developed for 3G customers, while personal WiMAX originally developed for bachaul, access, new to the personal.

- Keep right provisions of the government related to the frequency of WiMAX and 3G.

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Learning for life

When you consider that you have no need to
study after reaching school diploma, then you are wrong.
The world is running faster. Human work
the better. The issue that appears increasingly complex. You
require many new skills. Not only
as a means to achieve progress. But to be in
a place, you are required to know how to keep
position. Therefore, do not stop learning.

Learn new things with full enthusiasm. Learn
means to open yourself to the world this is the width.
Learning remind, for you may not know
all the answers. Learning to teach important lessons
in life, the humility to ask.

It is true, bird nest Manyar not change
since many centuries ago. Perhaps, to the centuries to
front. Also true, the fish probably will not change the Salmon
journey to the river fresh water for egg-laying
their eggs. However, human life is always changing.
Not only from year to year, or from month to month.
However, from day to day. Man will find ways
best for their lives. Confidential nature this is too
Large to understand the contemporary in this transitory. You
does not need to know all the answers. However, you must
trying to know what is best for your life. For that
you must learn. Your lifetime.

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Human substance and virtue Women

God the Merciful, Who has taught Al-Qur'an, He created man, taught clever talk. (QS. Ar-Rahman: 1-4)

The meaning of "human" in the paragraph above is not limited to the types and classes of human-specific, but include all kinds of people, both men and women. God the Most Gracious are teachers with the nature of His love which precede, and students as human, criteria, and four levels of above paragraph where people educated in 'mercy school', then he will become human. Once a human, then the word will become clear and can be used as descriptive. Therefore, the fourth kreteria is above the appropriate sequence and has a mutual dependence.
Al-Qur'an as the Scriptures present to holy spiritual man. If Al-Qur'an was revealed to man the perfection of the Spirit tepatlah that there is no restriction between men and women in spiritual purity To takes humans.

It is a self eksistensial the human spirit is. In the paragraph above be a language of teaching and education to the spirit, teaching and education is not at terbatasi by men and women because both have the same predicate, there is no spirit of women and no men's spirits. First, men and women is related to the body, not associated with the Spirit, Second, Teaching, education, counseling, and purity is associated with the nafs (soul), Third, the nafs (soul) and not Jasad body not nafs. In Al-Qur'an that the Spirit of the body is not a basis, and not the Spirit of men and women.

Not the fact of man is not also Men Women
The separation between the values that have meaning and

opponent examplizeing in the Al-Qur'an, Al-Qur'an that likes Science as a value and ignorance is the opponent's values, faith and values as kufur is opponent, humiliation and

Olympian, with happiness and misery others. Honesty, goodness, ignorance, keberdasan, a liar and so is nature that has been said that nature does not forever have Jasad. Thus, with a value that is essentially not the Spirit of men and women. Reject measure the subjects to identify the values and norms that determine the value, proving that the subject and predicate problem irrespective of gender (between male and female).

When describing Islam that men and women do not differ in terms of value, then the creation of Allah SWT when people talk about the Spirit, he says, that the material, then dijadikanlah beings, Then We placed him being a (form) another. He made another being perfect after a fetus, both the men and women. Discussion is the new men and women.

Gender does not have God in Kalam
The discussion will not value human berpredikat on maskulinisme or femenisme. Per Al-Qur'an states that human perfection is a secret knowledge of the Ideology behind the divine nature or that started with the names of Allah SWT that both asthma or 'al-Husna and ends with al-maad the Day of Resurrection, heaven and hell beyond. Between the beginning and there is shiratul-Mustaqim.
Anything (other than Allah SWT) surely begins and ends. Therefore, the basic teachings of Islam is the knowledge of three things: origin of creation, prophethood and the Last Day. Imam Ali bin Abi Talib kw "Allah SWT will give mercy to someone that you know which itself came from, where he is now and where he will be soon?". knowledge is not restricted to men or only women, but this is the absolute knowledge of every human being.
Allah SWT in the Al-Qur'an about "human" does not mean opponents of the words women or men, Al-Qur'an is always mentioned in general. In this issue of the Hereafter keniscayaan responsibility and what we do said Al-Qur'an that every soul (nafs) is responsible for all charitable deeds. to tell that each human (man) will receive a reply later in the Hereafter.
Every soul is responsible for what has do that. (QS. An-najm: 39-41)
The idea is everything associated with the Science and charity mentioned by the verses of Al-Qur'an did not indicate gender.

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Understanding the Genetics of Technology through the Arts and Religion

Galileo 500 years ago revealed that encircle the earth and the sun and the Darwin 150 years past when he revealed the theory of creation. Thought we changed forever. Awareness about the universe and life is now occupying space on our understanding special.

series mapping and DNA, and various technologies that were born by this knowledge, will permanently change our understanding.

Genetics technology presents great challenges for the religionist decipherment code with the human genom.
"honest course, if the genes that control the 100%, I think religion will be trouble," said rabi orthodox Irving Greenberg, Chairman of the Jewish life in newyork Network. Nuclear power is able to destroy human beings, genetic engineering technology to create life after death. Technology surpass all genetic technology. Creating a hybrid of the old cells into young cells and primordial. W. French Anderson, director of the laboratory gen therapy University of Southern California, which some people epithet father gen therapy. megatakan; "cell therapy gen seed will be implemented. The problem is that when this therapy is safe say?. when doing therapy is considered to be ethical? "

We have been faced on a new technology, in the past we did not consider carefully the consequences of the industrial revolution in the environmental damage that chance meeting, penghancurbom nuclear power, persolan waste industi that is not understood from the beginning. Now create some remorse for saintific which at least in these technologies.

Bio technology began in 1960 initially only as a bio-technology, knowledge and support are considered as new challenges on the challenges that have never been there. Now, bio-technology not only diperuntuk for the medical world but it is a glance at the new technology.

Knowledge
Gen-tech seed is to make changes in the cell genetic seeds sex cells or mammals. Procedures normally used in animals (egg cells) that fertilized to ensure that genetic changes are copied to cell body, ability to move the cells and genetic manipulation of a single generation successor kegenerasi shall be so soon likely derived diseases such as down syndrome, Parkinson, and the cell anemia crescent will not be revealed to the children.
Genom is all the DNA in an organism, including gennya. Gen protein contains all the information needed in an organism. This protein, among others, determine the form of organisms, and how well the body mencerna food or to fight infection, and sometimes how he berprilaku. Order DNA underlie the diversity of all life, and even dictate whether an organism is human or yeast, rice, or fruit fly. All creatures have their own genom point and also the attention genom project. Because all organisms involved through the similarity in DNA sequence, the insights gained from non-genom manuisa [eg bacteria E. Coly] often lead to new knowledge about human biology.
"Genom man will not soon become successful human chromosome 24," said Hood. "Mungurai" mencangkup a few things. Is a giant task. Of course genom manuisa is a software program that dictate and direct the development of the most surprise about all the process of human development.
Cloning human obviously be a matter that is not impossible that you can only make the human being as a kind of robot is human.
Gen therapy seeds cause concerns about the scientific technology potency, loss of biological diversity, changing kilam human genes that can not be reversed again, and the consequences that can not be in the suspect as a result of genetic manipulation.

Human Suffering
One of the issues that continue to appear is a concern that the sharp focus the attention on the physical human Jasad, in the endeavor to extend the human life on earth, it appeared that the expense of searching moral, ethical, and spiritual.
"I feel beaten bertapapun see the fact that we've increased health care this country, it was never enough," said Daniel Callahan bioetika experts from the Hastings Center. "When the age of life expectancy and all aspects of our health is always the better, our views about the apparently healthy feel bad. As if - we will not receive any little pain. "

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Intelligence in the form of Arts

Mindset; forming Arts

We know that our daily activities, involving many people. Whether it is interacting, the new witness, to see people quarrel, kill, etc.. If we become involved in the social aspects we can not withdraw and not to engage not to establish the interaction of people. In the middle of the community, or in the community, involvement we sometimes give bad impact to the handful of people, or even a decline, we can measure the good in everything, whether that aspect of our performance, good behavior, and polite to everyone. This way it is very possible in ourselves. Assessment can only depart from or depart from outside ourselves.
We can not know dikala we are on a community, organization, and dimasyarakat we can be someone who can give sumbangsi means, or whether we will become a thicket of new pendewasaan in a community or the community. Present ourselves in the community gives us more responsibility.

Acumen to build and establish the ability to improve oneself is one's responsibility dikala we are a community and the community. Knowledge of kitalah that can build and enhance the intellect to change aspects of our lives have been delivered in every dogma, (QS Al-Ra'd 13:11) "Verily, Allah does not change a people until they change themselves"; or ditandaskan in the gospel, "Berubahlah by budimu renewal. In the book written by dr. H. Taufiq Pasiak, M. Pd, M. Kes. That there are four main assumptions that can build or intellect to think that he used as the Whole Brain Thinkin (WBT) - which works in three levels: self assessment (self-diagnosis), intervention (treatment and therapy), and Evaluation (assessment). Developing WBT departure from the four main assumptions:
1. The changes are most substantial changes in the self,
2. Human built by four main components (tubh, intellect, lust, and the ruh) is referred to as mental capacity,
3. Human brain works as a powerful sirkuti to support bekerjanya mentality,
4. Changes that must be done first is the change in the mindet, someone looked at the way the world and events.
5. Everyone has advantages. Far more important to optimize the benefits of cover weaknesses.
In the aspect that to-4 dititik beratkan to the mindset, the way someone thinks. Change the way of thinking is the most difficult, but it gives a spectacular effect. The only mention of the Prophet of the Muslim mindset the mecca of polytheism into monotheism, Jesus Christ to change the law to be the iron law of love, Martin Luther egalitarianism into the racism, the way Karl Marx view of the materials and tools of production, change the way the feminist perspective against women. With the emotional aspects of the less effective they are only temporary and only hitch dikala we are at the atmosfirnya full of emotional touch.

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